[r6rs-discuss] [Formal] Simplifying conditions

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Name        : Andre van Tonder
Email       : andre at het.brown.edu
Type        : simplification
Priority    : major
Component   : Conditions
Version     : 5.91
Pages       : 74-76
Dependencies: Possible usages elsewhere in document
Summary:
--------
Conditions can be simplified by following a well-understood object-interface 
model.
Description:
------------
The rules for repeated fields seem to convey an intent
that conditions be thought of as objects implementing
more than one "condition type" interface.  If so, why not make
a much simpler representation by following well-understood object
models, such as the Java model, as follows:
Think of condition types as "interfaces" and condition objects as objects of 
anonymous type that "implement" these interfaces.  Drop compound conditions and
drop the procedures "make-compound-condition" and "extract-condition", flatten 
the fields eliminating repeats and list all the implemented interfaces
(= condition types) as part of the object.  A condition object can then be 
created as
   (make-condition list-of-types field-name obj ...)
For example
   (make-condition '(&message &who)  ; implements two interfaces
     'condition-message "phone me"
     'condition-who "mother")
which can be represented internally as a list of types (interfaces)
and a flat alist of fields.  The syntactic API for the
compound example in the document could be the more concise
(define v3 (condition (&c1 &c2)  ; implements two interfaces
              (x "V3/1")
              (a "a3")
              (b "b3")))
If downcasting to a particular interface is really required
(the analogue of the current "extract-condition") it can also
be easily implemented in this representation.
The suggested representation
  - is simpler, since compound conditions can be dropped
  - is more concise
  - better expresses the "object implements interfaces/mixins" idea.
  - gets rid of the current complicated semantics of repeated fields
  - reproduces the practically and theoretically well-understood
    "object implementing interfaces" idea in languages like Java.
The current wording does seem to convey an intent of trying
to approximate the "object implementing interfaces" idea.  I quote:
  "Each type-field-binding must contain field bindings for all
   fields of condition-type without duplicates. There is an
   exception to this rule: if a field binding is missing, and the
   field belongs to a supertype shared with one of the other
   htype-field-bindingi subforms, then the value defaults to
   that of the first such binding in the condition form."
But this expresses the "object implementing interfaces" idea very
awkwardly in imperfectly.  The above suggested encoding does it
better in my opinion and is easier to understand, especially
for people with prior exposure to object models similar to Java's.
The current specification has several further issues, which
would fall away if the model were simplified as above:
  - It is not clear if the type of conditions is the recursive type
     <condition> ::= (make-condition ---)
                  /  (make-compound-condition <condition> ...)
    which would allow make-compound-condition to be nested,
    or the alternative non-recursive type
     <simple-condition> ::= (make-condition ---)
     <condition> ::= <simple-condition>
                  /  (make-compound-condition <simple-condition> ...)
  - If the recursive type, then "condition-ref" is not fully specified in
    case of repeated fields, since it is not specified if the
    search for the first field is e.g. depth-first.
  - Same for "extract-condition" if the type is recursive above.
Suggestion:
-----------
As in above text:
   - drop "make-compound-condition".
   - drop complex descrioptions of field priorities.
   - drop "extract-condition", unless downcasting ability is a
     requirement, in which case I would preferably use a different name
     for it.
   - modify "make-condition" procedure as described above
   - modify "condition"      syntax    as described above